Форбол 12-миристат 13-ацетат, синтетический

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate has been used to stimulate the in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-10[1] and macrophages.[2] It has also been used to induce protein kinase C activity.[3]

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a potent tumor promoter and activates protein kinase C in vivo and in vitro. It is a phorbol ester that is associated with many cellular responses including gene transcription, cell division and differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. It is also involved in protein kinase C (PKC) mediated receptor desensitization.[4] Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces PKC localization from the cytosol,[5] enabling the enzyme association with the cell membrane.[6]

Activates protein kinase C in vivo and in vitro at nanomolar concentrations[7]; Highly potent tumor promotor and mitogen: active principle of croton oil. Review[8]